Tyler Laureates


		Laureates
		" . . . the guardians of the future." - Alice C. Tyler
Tyler Prize Home
	2002	Wallace S. Broecker and Tungsheng Liu
Wallace S. Broecker Tungsheng Liu		Wallace S. Broecker A pioneer in the development of geochemical tracers to describe basic biological, chemical and physical processes that govern the behavior of carbon dioxide in the oceans and the interactions of oceanic carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. He proposed the concept of a global oceanic "conveyor belt" and identified the importance of changes in North Atlantic deep water formation as a leading candidate for the trigger of abrupt climate changes over the last few million years. Tungsheng Liu A pioneer in developing ways to measure paleoclimatic change over the last 2.5 million years through studies of loess, a windblown dust, that forms thick deposits over much of central China. The Chinese loess record contains an unparalleled terrestrial record of global environmental change.
	2001	Jared M. Diamond and Thomas E. Lovejoy
Jared M. Diamond Thomas E. Lovejoy		Jared M. Diamond A pioneer in the field of conservation biology, his work has led to the recognition of a sub-field of community ecology based on "assembly rules", competition and community dynamics. His novel theories relating species extinction rates to habitat size helped give birth to the discipline of conservation biology and served as a justification for large nature reserves. Thomas E. Lovejoy A pioneer in the field of conservation biology, he elucidated the concept of the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems and was thus central to calling to world attention the critical problem of dwindling tropical forests. He is credited with coining the term biological diversity, now shortened to biodiversity. Perhaps his best-known idea is the "debt-for-nature swap," which allows developing nations to convert foreign debt to nature reserves and conservation programs.
	2000	John P. Holdren
Web Sites of Laureates: John P. Holdren		His research and leadership have helped to shape the global environmental debate and to mobilize the international community of scientists and policymakers into taking action on a wide range of energy, environmental and security issues. He has made important contributions to clarifying the challenges at the intersection of energy, environment, and development; to charting a path toward cleaner and safer energy-supply technologies; and to improving the protection of nuclear materials against theft and diversion for use in weapons.

	1999	T. T. Chang and Joel E. Cohen
Joel E. Cohen		T. T. Chang T.T. Chang, Ph.D., is the world authority on rice genetics and conservation. His research on the evolution and variation of rice has led to major advances in plant breeding, productivity, and disease resistance with a profound impact on agriculture productivity throughout much of Asia, Africa, and South America. Joel E. Cohen Joel E. Cohen, Ph.D., has made important contributions to the understanding of food webs in natural and human-made ecosystems and developed realistic, unbiased models of population growth and the carrying capacity of earth. His work laid the foundation for the development of food-web ecology over the last 20 years, and has significantly advanced the scientific basis for population estimation.

	1998	Anne H. Ehrlich and Paul R. Ehrlich
Web Sites of Laureates:		Anne H. Ehrlich Her scientific contributions, individually and jointly with Paul have extended our understanding of population, biology, ecology and evolution. Anne and Paul have displayed exceptional courage in taking prominent public stands on questions critical to the future of humankind, such as the preservation of biodiversity and endangered species, the hazards of pesticide pollution, and nuclear winter.
Paul Ehrlich		Paul R. Ehrlich His development of the powerful concept of co-evolution (with Peter Raven) was an important contribution to understanding the dynamics of animal populations. These ecological and evolutionary principles were later applied by the Ehrlichs to help assess the impact of human populations on the environment. His 1968 book, The Population Bomb, was the wake-up call for an entire generation.

	1997	Jane Goodall, Birute Galdikas and George Schaller
Jane Goodall		Jane Goodall is acknowledged as the world's authority on the behavior and ecology of chimpanzees. The profound scientific discoveries from her Gombe Stream Research Centre laid the foundation for all future primate studies. Today, over 35 years later, those studies continue to teach mankind much about our closest, non-human relative and our own culture. Through books, personal appearances and global environmental education programs for children, she brings awareness of wildlife and environmental conservation to the broadest possible audience.
Birute Galdikas		Birute Galdikas The world's leading authority on orangutan behavior and ecology. Dr. Galdikas and her team provided the scientific community with the first detailed observations of orangutan life history, habitat, and diet. Her field research, one of the longest, continuous studies of any mammal in the works, has also provided important information on the rainforest as a whole and a better understanding of Indonesia's biodiversity.
George Schaller		George Schaller His detailed field studies of gorillas, tigers, lions, snow leopards, and pandas resulted in writings that have inspired a generation of wildlife biologists and resulted in more effective conservation and management practices throughout the world. A number of national parks in Brazil, Pakistan, Mongolia, and China have been the result of his cooperative efforts with these countries.

	1996	Willi Dansgaard, Hans Oeschger and Claude Lorius
Web Sites of Laureates:		Willi Dansgaard The first paleoclimatologist to demonstrate that measurements of the trace isotopes oxygen-18 and deuterium (heavy hydrogen) in accumulated glacier ice could be used as an indicator of climate change over time. For more than forty years, he has studied the evolution of the atmospheric environment from successive layers of polar ice.
Hans Oeschger		Hans Oeschger* The pioneer of gas composition and radiocarbon measurements on polar ice, his measurement of carbon dioxide concentrations from air bubbles trapped in ice revealed for the first time the important role that the world's oceans play in influencing global climate. Abrupt climate swings associated with the changes in atmospheric greenhouse gasses are known as "Dansgaard-Oeschger" events.
Claude Lorius		Claude Lorius The successful collaboration between Russian, American and French scientists in the recovery and analysis of the longest ice core drilled to date (the Vostok Core) resulted from his promotion of international cooperation. His team reconstructed carbon dioxide and methane variations over the last 150,000 years, which show a strong relationship between global climate and the chemical composition of the atmosphere.

	1995	Clair C. Patterson*
		His systematic and far-reaching research on the pathways by which lead finds its way into the environment and into living organisms alerted policy makers to the dangers to human health worldwide from lead exposure.

	1994	Arturo Gomez-Pompa and Peter H. Raven
Arturo Gomez-Pompa		Arturo Gomez-Pompa Outstanding tropical forest ecologist and ethnobotanist, he was one of the first to draw attention to the destruction of tropical rainforests. He has led in the involvement of indigenous peoples in the preservation of their environment and he is Mexico's most prominent voice for conservation.
Peter H. Raven (National Medal of Science Web)		Peter H. Raven Co-developer of the theory of co-evolution, he has combined brilliant botanical research with energetic efforts to address the issues of tropical habitat destruction and species extinction. He is one of the most effective international exponents of the conservation ethic.

	1993	F. Herbert Bormann and Gene E. Likens
Web Sites of Laureates:		F. Herbert Bormann Co-developer with Gene E. Likens of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study, they conceived the idea of utilizing a small watershed for controlled experiments on a whole forest ecosystem. Their research on forest clearcutting, the loss of soil fertility, and the chemical degradation of stream water changed American law and forestry practice.
Gene E. Likens		Gene E. Likens Co-developer with Bormann of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study, they created the premier model for ecosystems studies in the world. Their discovery of acid rain resulted in recognition of acid rain as a major environmental problem in North America and contributed to the development of the Clean Air Act of 1990.

	1992	Perry L. McCarty and Robert M. White
Perry L. McCarty		Perry L. McCarty One of the world's leading environmental engineers, he created a scientific approach for the biological treatment of water for purification, wastewater reclamation and groundwater treatment that is used worldwide. He pioneered scientific principles for anaerobic digestion in wastewater treatment and contaminant control of aquifers.
		Robert M. White A world leader in designing cooperative networks and building institutions, he planned the global atmospheric research program and initiated international efforts to understand global climate change and the effects of greenhouse gases. The first administrator of NOAA, he helped create and implement legislation on marine fisheries, marine mammal conservation, and coastal zone management.

	1991	C. Everett Koop and M. S. Swaminathan
C. Everett Koop		C. Everett Koop Surgeon General of the United States from 1981 - 1989, he served as the conscience of the nation as Americans changed their attitudes on the dangerous effects of smoking. Through his campaign, a healthier public environment has been created and 20 million Americans have given up the smoking habit.
M.S. Swaminathan		M.S. Swaminathan One of the world's preeminent agricultural scientists, his plant breeding programs have led to dramatically increased crop yields in India. His efforts to improve the quality and quantity of crops have earned him the reputation of the scientific leader of the "Green Revolution" in Asia.

	1990	Thomas Eisner and Jerrold Meinwald
Thomas Eisner (National Medal of Science Web)		Thomas Eisner Partner with Meinwald in founding chemical ecology, he provides biological explorations to unravel many intricate strategies that insects use for survival. To safeguard the chemical treasury of nature, he has acted forcefully for the preservation of species.
Jerrold Meinwald		Jerrold Meinwald Partner with Eisner in founding chemical ecology, he provides molecular characterizations of the chemical signals insects, plants and animals use to communicate. His chemical insights have heightened awareness of the importance of "secondary metabolites" in nature.

	1989	Paul J. Crutzen and Edward D. Goldberg
Paul Crutzen (Nobel Prize web)		Paul J. Crutzen One of the world's authorities on atmospheric chemistry, he made landmark discoveries on stratospheric and tropospheric ozone, nuclear winter, and humanity's capacity to upset the global atmosphere.
		Edward D. Goldberg One of the premier marine geochemists and chemical oceanographers investigating global ocean pollution problems, he greatly advanced understanding of radio nuclides, wind-borne DDT, petrochemicals, and heavy metals. He pioneered costal pollution monitoring using living bivalve organisms.

	1988	Bert R. J. Bolin
		A pioneer in global climate changes, he helped focus international attention on the potential dangers to the world's climate posed by the greenhouse gases and acid rain. His lifelong research has contributed to knowledge about the carbon cycle, and the phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.

	1987	Richard E. Schultes and Gilbert F. White
		Richard E. Schultes The preeminent ethnobotanist in the world, he promoted tropical forest conservation at the level of the developing country by demonstrating the value of tropical plant species to industry and medicine.
National Medal of Science Web Page		Gilbert F. White An outstanding geographer and world leader on problems of the environment, he promoted the scientific basis for, and the consequent application of, innovative alternative water resource and river basin management policies and practices.

	1986	Werner Stumm and Richard Vollenweider
		Werner Stumm The preeminent water chemist in the world, his fundamental research on chemical equilibria in water systems and its relationship to the distribution and circulationof chemical substances has made possible the protection of lakes and rivers throughout the world.
		Richard Vollenweider A theoretical limnologist whose research led to the development of predictive models of eutrophication of fresh waters, his theories resulted in major advances in water pollution control throughout the world.

	1985	Bruce N. Ames and the Organization for Tropical Studies
Bruce N. Ames (National Medal of Science Web)		Bruce N. Ames Developer of the Ames Test for the rapid screening of environmental carcinogens, his test has proven invaluable in protecting against unnecessary exposure to cancer-causing agents.
Organization for Tropical Studies		Organization for Tropical Studies A consortium of U.S. and Costa Rican universities, OTS provides the world's finest facility for on-site education and field research on tropical forest ecology.

	1984	Roger R. Revelle and Edward O. Wilson
National Medal of Science Web Page		Roger R. Revelle* A scholar of great breadth in oceanography, world population studies, and global climactic perturbations, he was a pioneer in the understanding of global resources.
		Edward O. Wilson Co-developer of the theory of island biogeography, he was instrumental in its application to conservation. His research into population dynamics and chemical ecology has led to new insights in modern biology.

	1983	Harold S. Johnston, Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland
National Medal of Science Web Page		Harold S. Johnston One of the world's authorities in atmospheric chemistry, he was one of the first to call attention to the possibility that stratospheric contamination by nitrogen oxides might threaten the Earth's ozone layer.
Mario Molina (Nobel Prize Web)		Mario J. Molina Co-developer of the Rowland-Molina hypothesis on ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons, he has been studying the disruption and perturbation of natural cycles in the stratosphere.
F. Sherwood Rowland (Nobel Prize Web)		F. Sherwood Rowland Co-developer of the Rowland-Molina hypothesis, his policy initiatives led to regulations that controlled the use of chlorofluorocarbons as aerosol propellants in the western world.

	1982	Carroll L.Wilson and the Southern California Edison Company
		Carrol L. Wilson* Contributor to fundamental work in the modeling of world energy supplies, he enlisted governmental and industrial leaders from around the world in studies of global energy prospects through the year 2000.
		Southern California Edison Company The first major utility in the United States to establish as policy a shift to alternate and renewable energy sources, they continue to provide strong corporate leadership.

	1978	Russell E. Train
		A leader in the United States political-environmental arena, and first chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality, he was instrumental in formulating environmental policy and in developing environmental quality standards in the United States.

	1977	Eugene P. Odum
		One of the first educators to establish an institute for the training of ecologists, his research and writings have influenced countless students throughout the world.

	1976	Abel Wolman, Charles S. Elton, Rene Dubos
National Medal of Science Web Page		Abel Wolman* A pioneer in water resource management and waste water treatment, and a professor at Johns Hopkins University from 1921 until 1989, he trained generations of young people in the field of water conservation.
		Charles S. Elton* Often considered as the father of the science of animal ecology, his fundamental research has led to a greater understanding of ecological competition, and the organization and disruption of animal communities.
		Rene Dubos* Scientist and internationally influential author, his books and articles provided society with a new perspective on the interaction between the environment and humanity.

	1975	Ruth Patrick
National Medal of Science Web Page		A lifetime researcher on the ecology of rivers, she has been instrumental in providing a link between science and industry for the protection of the nation's rivers.

	1974	Arie Jan Haagen-Smit, G. Evelyn Hutchinson and Maurice Strong
National Medal of Science Web Page		Arie Jan Haagen-Smit* Discoverer of the chemical nature of smog and advocate for change, the air pollution research he started as Caltech has expanded to air quality researchworldwide.
National Medal of Science Web Page		G. Evelyn Hutchinson* One of this century's preeminent ecologists, his work in theoretical ecology provided the foundation of modern ecological practice.
		Maurice Strong Founding director of the United Nations Environment Programme, he has provided skilled diplomatic leadership in the international political-environmental arena.

		* deceased