THINGS PEMITTED TO THE FASTER AS UNAVOIDABLE
Things that are a part of daily living, such as swallowing saliva, mucus, street dust, or mill dust (for workers at the mill), are unavoidable, and they do not nullify the fast. Also, tasting of foods by cooks or tasting it with intention to buy, provided the food is not swallowed, but spit out. Nor is the fast affected by smelling a perfume or using it on the body or cloth. But intentionally sniffing any particles that might travel through the nose to the belly would spoil the fast.
The faster is allowed to eat and drink and have sexual intercourse from sundown until the break of dawn. When dawn breaks and there is food in the mouth, it should be spit out and one should cease from ejaculation. If one swallows the food or continues to have sex, his fast in nullified. In a hadith by Muslim and Bukhari (raa) reported by 'Aisha (raa) the Messenger of Allah (saas) said: "When Bilal calls adhan at night eat and drink until Ibn Umm Maktum calls."
The hadith indicates there used to be two adhans; the first one was announced by Bilal Ibn Rabah (raa). The purpose of which was two fold: to wake the believers up for sahuur and to indicate the period of sahuur; and Abdullah Ibn Umm-Maktum's to announce the time to stop eating and prepare for morning prayer.
For women, bleeding as a result of menstruation, or post childbirth, if the blood stops, may delay their bathing (ghusl) until daybreak and may they wake up fasting, but they should cleanse themselves, before performing prayer, Salaat.
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