Convened by
California Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering
Sponsored by
U.S. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
Edited by
George W. Housner Sami F. Masri Div. of Engin. & Applied Science Dept. of Civil Engineering California Institute of Technology University of Southern California Pasadena, California 91125 Los Angeles, California 90089
(USC Publication No. CE-9013)
U.S. National Workshop on Structural Control Research (1990 : University of Southern California) Proceedings of the U.S. National Workshop on Structural Control Research: 25-26 October 1990, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California / edited by George W. Housner, Sami F. Masri. p. cm. ``October 1990.'' Sponsored by U.S. National Science Foundation. ``USC publication no. CE--9013.'' ISBN 0-9628908--0--4 1. Structural control (Engineering)- -Congresses. 2. Intelligent control systems - -Congresses. I. Housner, G. W. (George William), 1910- . II. Masri, S. F. III. National Science Foundation (U.S.) IV. Title. TA654.9.U2 1990 91--2839 624. 1'7--dc20 CIP
COPYRIGHT \copyright \ December 1990
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90089-2531, U.S.A.
Reproduction as a whole or any part thereof prohibited except by permission of the copyright owner. The statements, opinions and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the University of Southern California and its co-sponsoring organizations.
The actions of earthquakes and winds, and even man-made and environmental disturbances, can cause unacceptable motions that are objectionable to the occupants of a building or may even be damaging to the structure and its contents. The amplitude of the motions can be reduced by isolating the structure from the sources of excitation, or by introducing counterforces to oppose the motions, or by a combination of the two methods. The method of isolating is called passive control, the method of opposing forces is called active control, and the combination of the two is called hybrid control. The potential benefit of control of structures in seismic regions, of buildings in windy regions, of space structures, etc., dictates that a strong research program should be undertaken. To explore the needs and future directions of such a research program, a workshop was held in October 1990.
Table of Contents
PAGE Acknowledgements v Program xi Purpose of the Workshop 1 U.S.~Panel on Structural Control Research 3 Working Group Reports 13 Group # 1: Analytical Methods Group # 2: Experimental Approaches Group # 3: Building Applications Group # 4: Non-Building Applications Group # 5: Interdisciplinary Approaches Group # 6: International Coordination Group # 7: Information Dissemination Invited Papers Kobori, T., "State-of-the-Art of seismic Response Control Research in Japan" p1 Melcher , J. and Breilbach, E.J., "A Survey on German and European Activities in the Field of Adaptive Structures" p22 Soong, T., ``State-of-the-Art of Structural Control Research in U.S.A.'' p48 Submitted Papers Abdel-Ghaffar, A.M., Masri, S.F. and Miller, R.K. ``Structural Control of Cable-Supported Bridges'' p66 Aizawa, S., Hayamizu, Y., Higashino, M., Soga, Y., Yamamoto, M. and Haniuda, N., ``Experimental Study of Dual Axis Active Mass Damper'' p68 Akbay, Z. and Aktan, H.M., ``Vibration Control of Building Structures by Active Energy Dissipation'' p74 Aktan, A.E.,Toksoy, and T. Hosahalli, S., ``Implications of Modal Test and Structural Identification on Active Structural Control'' p79 Anderson, T.L., ``Structural Control and the E & C Industry" p86 Andrade, R.A., Rodeller, J., Lopez Almansa, F., Reinhorn, A.M., and Soong, T.T., ``Efficiency Global Assessment of Predictive Control of Structures'' p90 Bergman, L. A. and McFarland, D. M., ``Point Control of Linear Distributed Parameter Structures'' p95 Cassaro, M. A., ``Implementation Techniques/Educational Training Issues Structural Control Research for Civil Systems-Management Systems'' p100 Chassiakos, A. and Masri, S.F., ``Identification of Structural Systems Using Neural Networks" p103 Chen, H.T., Loh, C.H. and Juang, D.S. ``Structural Control Research at National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research of the Republic of China'' p104 Feng, Q. and Shinozuka, M., ``Use of a Variable Damper for Hybrid Control of Bridge Response under Earthquake '' p107 Foutch, D.A. and Ghaboussi, J., ``Research on Vibration Control of Structures at the University of Illinois '' p113 Frangopol, D.,M, ``Efficacy of Active Control in Structural Engineering" p115 Iemura,H., Yamada, Y., Izuno, K., Iwasaki, Y. and Ohno, S., ``Phase-Adjusted Active Control of Structures with Identification of Random Earthquake Ground Motion" p116 Inaudi, J. A. and Kelly, J. M., ``Active Isolation'' p125 Iwan, W.D. and Hou, Z.-K., ``Some Issues Related to Active Control Algorithms '' p131 Katafygiotis, L. S. and Beck, J. L., ``Uniqueness in Structural System Identification'' p136 Kitamura, H., Kawamura, S. Yamada, M. and Fujii, S., ``Structural Response Control Technologies of Taisei Corporation'' p141 Kobori, T., Sakamoto, M., Takahashi, M., Koshika, N., and Ishii, K., ``Seismic Response Controlled Structure with Active Mass Driver System and Active Variable Stiffness System'' p151 Loh, C.-H. and Kuo, C.-C. ``Sensitivity Analysis and Identification on Base-Isolated Structural System'' p163 Luco, J.E., Wong, H.L. and Mita, A., ``Control of the Seismic Response of Structures by Use of Base Isolation and Active Absorbing Boundaries '' p168 Meirovitch, L., ``On Rendering Structures Earthquake-Resistant by Retrofitting with Active Controls '' p173 Ohsaki, Y., ``Current Research Activites of Shimizu for Response Control '' p179 Papageorgiou, A.S. and Lin, B.-C. ``Analysis of Recorded Earthquake Response and Identification of a Multi-Story Structure Accounting for Foundation Interaction Effects'' p189 Pu, J.-P. and Kelly, J. M., ``Active Tuned Mass Damper of Base Isolated Structures'' p190 Rehak, D. R. and Oppenheim, I. J., ``A Neural Network Scheme for Adaptive Control of Large Structures'' p196 Reinhorn, A.M. and Soong, T.T., ``Full Scale Implementation of Active Bracing for Seismic Control of Structures'' p201 Suhardjo, J. and Spencer, Jr., B.F., ``Frequency Domain Techniques for Control of Civil Engineering Structures '' p209 Suzuki, T., Kageyama, M., Nohata, A., Seki, M., Teramura, A., Takeda, T., Yoshida, K. and Shimogo, T., ``Active Vibration Control for High-Rise Buildings Using Dynamic Vibration Absorber Driven by Servo Motor'' p214 Tadjbakhsh, I.G. and Su, Y.-A., ``Optimal Control of Distributed Parameter Systems Under Resonant and Unstable Loading" p222 Warnitchai, P., Pacheco, B. M. and Fujino, Y., ``Experimental Study on Active Control of Cable-Stayed Bridges'' p227 Wong, H.L. and Luco, J.E., ``Active Control of the Seismic Response of Structures in the Presence of Soil-Structure Interaction Effects'' p231 Yang, C.Y. and Cheng, A.H-D. ``Chaotic Dynamics and Structural Control'' p236 Yang, J.N. and Danielians, A., ``Aseismic Hybrid Control Systems'' p241 Yao, J. T. P., ``Civil Engineering Applications of Structural Control '' p246 Zhu, Bolong and Xiaoyan, X., ``A Study on System Identification of High Voltage Circuit Breaker and Lightning Arrester with Their Aseismic Behavior" p248 Appendices Appendix A: Workshop Announcement Appendix B: List of Participants
In recognition of the growing awareness by civil engineers worldwide of the
potential of active (hybrid) protective systems for natural hazard mitigation, a
``Panel on Structural Control Research" was established to (1) develop a plan for
a U.S. program in the active control of civil structures and (2) develop a plan
under the auspices of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction for
U.S. participation in collaborative international research in the active control
field. Further details concerning the Panel are given in a separate section of
these Proceedings.
In order to carry out its responsibilities, the U.S.~Panel convened a Workshop
on Structural Control Research with the following major objectives:
1. To summarize the state of the art of the structural control field.
2. To identify and prioritize needed research in the field.
3. To develop preliminary plans for the analytical and experimental advancement
of the field and for the performance of full-scale testing.
4. To facilitate the transmission of information concerning state-of-the-art
developments in this rapidly evolving field.
The Workshop program was designed for researchers, engineers, architects, and
others who are interested in the theory, experimentation, and application of the
vibrational control of structures, sensitive equipment, etc., under the action of
dynamic loads such as earthquake and wind.
The first day of this two-day Workshop featured invited papers and summary
reports by U.S. and international representatives from universities, research
organizations and industrial concerns. Presentations about ongoing research
activities or future research plans in the general area of adaptive structural
systems were solicited. Among the specific topics addressed in the Workshop were:
possible applications, reliability issues, combined active/passive approaches,
large scale tests, economic issues, retrofitting problems, implementation
techniques, control purpose (safety/comfort), dynamic environment (wind,
earthquake, etc.), actuator development, distributed sensor technology, control
energy sources, control algorithms, active parameter control methods, stability
considerations, system identification procedures, computational issues,
architectural considerations, educational/training issues, and international
collaborative projects.
The second day of the Workshop consisted of several workshop panels that
discussed topics related to specific areas such as (1) analytical methods, (2)
experimental approaches, (3) building applications, and (4) non-building
applications. The Workshop culminated in a prioritized research plan by each of
the four Workshop Working Groups, which are included in these Proceedings.
The University of Southern California undertook the task of convening the
workshop and publishing the proceedings. The guidance as well as most of the
funding have come from the National Science Foundation through the Earthquake
Engineering Program.
George W. Housner Sami F.Masri
Caltech USC