PLEASE CONSIDER REVIEWING the work of some of our nation's leading jurists, lawyers, social commentators and scholars as they address an issue of paramount importance: the proper balance of judicial independence and judicial accountability.

The last decade has seen intense criticism of some federal judges' rulings with threats of impeachment and proposals to amend the Constitution to eliminate life tenure for the federal judiciary. At the state level, many incumbents have been defeated in retention elections and overall, the costs of judicial campaigns have increased enormously. These events raise serious concerns about the independence of the judiciary. At the same time, these events raise legitimate questions about judges' responsibility to their limited roles in our democratic systems and of their accountability when, arguably, they exceed the limits of their authority.

Our investigation of the crucial balance between legitimate independence and appropriate accountability is now available as an archive of text documents and RealMedia files at the "Program and Webcast Archive" page of this Site.

To contact the School of Law at USC please call (213) 740-2582, fax (213) 740-9442 and/or e-mail to, symposia@law.usc.edu.