CCMB Faculty

CSA 142, HSC 9062
(323)442-3178 Voice
(323)442-2981 Fax
mlsnead@usc.edu

Malcolm L. Snead

D.D.S., Ph.D.

Professor

Education Experience Honors & Awards Membership Projects Publications

Education

INSTITUTION AND LOCATION	DEGREE	YEAR(s)	FIELD OF STUDY
The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL	Ph.D.	1981	Pathology
The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL	Certificate	1979	Oral Pathology
Loyola University, College of Dental Surgery, Chicago, IL	D.D.S.	1977	Dentistry
St. Mary’s College, Moraga, CA	B.S.	1973	Biology/Chemistry

Research & Professional Experience

1997-Present	Professor, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
1992-1997	Associate Professor, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
1984-1992	Research Assistant Professor & Research Associate Professor, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
1982-1984	Postdoctoral Trainee, Dr. H.C. Slavkin, Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
1981-1982	Postdoctoral Trainee, Dr. Savio L.C. Woo, Baylor College of Medicine, Hughes Medical Research Institute, Houston, Texas
1977-1981	Research Associate, Zoller Dental Clinic, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL

Academic Honors and Awards

2007	Fulbright Senior Specialist Award, US Embassy (University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa)
1988	Dana-Farber Computer Resource Center Fellowship
1985-1990	Research Career Development Award, USPHS, NIH, NIDR
1977-1981	Walter G. Zoller Fellow, The University of Chicago
1976-1977	Johnson and Johnson Fellow

Membership

2007-2010	NIH, NIDCR, National Advisory Dental and Craniofacial Research Council
1991-1995	NIH, DRG, Oral Medicine and Biology SS I Chartered Member
1986-1990	NIH, DRG, Oral Medicine and Biology SS I & SS II, Ad Hoc Member

Research Projects

"Determination and Expression of Amelogenin Gene Products"

Principal Investigator: Malcolm L Snead, D.D.S., Ph.D.
Agency : National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
Period: April 1, 1985 to January 31, 2013
The major goals of this project are to test the hypothesis that amelogenin gene regulation is dependent upon a cascade of signals provided during instructive secondary germ layer interaction serving to pattern oral epithelium to the ameloblast phenotype.

"Cell and Genetic Approaches to Enamel Biomimetics"

Principal Investigator: Malcolm L. Snead, D.D.S., Ph.D.
Agency: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
Period: August 1, 1998 to April 30, 2009
The major goal of this project is to determine the effects of selected tooth specific proteins on mineral deposition and composition in vitro; using transgenic animals as part of a gain function test, determine the effects of excessive amounts of tuftelin and ameloblastin proteins on tooth biomineralization in vivo.

"Training in Cellular and Molecular Biology"

Principal Investigator: Malcolm L. Snead, D.D.S., Ph.D.
Agency: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
Period: September 30, 1990 to August 31, 2008
The major goal of this project is to support dentist seeking advanced training in biomedical research appropriate to the mission of the NIDCR.

"Building the Tooth: Bridging Biology in Material Sciences"

Principal Investigator: Malcolm L. Snead, D.D.S., Ph.D.
Agency: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"
Period: January 27, 2006 to July 31, 2006
The major goal of this project is to create a Concept Development Plan that details and prioritizes specific processes, procedures and projects to achieve tooth regeneration and outlines the organizational structure, including the environment for promoting interdisciplinary and collaborative basic and translational applied research needed for the U54 program.

Publications

Snead ML, Slavkin HC. (2009) Science is the fuel for the engine of technology and clinical practice. J Am Dent Assoc. 140 Suppl 1:17S-24S

Lyngstadaas SP, Wohlfahrt JC, Brookes SJ, Paine ML, Snead ML, Reseland JE. (2009) Enamel matrix proteins; old molecules for new applications. Orthod Craniofac Res. 12(3):243-53.

Warotayanont R, Frenkel B, Snead ML, Zhou Y. (2009) Leucine-rich amelogenin peptide induces osteogenesis by activation of the Wnt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 387(3):558-63.

Snead ML. (2008) Whole-tooth regeneration: it takes a village of scientists, clinicians, and patients. J Dent Educ. 72(8):903-11.

Zhou Y, Snead ML. (2008). Derivation of cranial neural crest-like cells from human embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 376(3):542-7.

Wen X, Zou Y, Luo W, Goldberg M, Moats R, Conti PS, Snead ML, Paine ML. (2008) Biglycan Overexpression on Tooth Enamel Formation in Transgenic Mice. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 291(10):1246-53.

Huang Z, Sargeant T, Hulvat J, Mata A, Bringas P, Koh CY, Stupp S, Snead M. (2008) Bioactive Nanofibers Instruct Cells to Proliferate and Differentiate During Enamel Regeneration. J Bone Miner Res. 23(12):1995-2006

Paine ML, Snead ML, Wang HJ, Abuladze N, Pushkin A, Liu W, Kao LY, Wall SM, Kim YH, Kurtz I. (2008). Role of NBCe1 and AE2 in secretory ameloblasts. J Dent Res. 87(4):391-5.

Warotayanont R, Zhu D, Snead ML, Zhou Y. (2008). Leucine-rich amelogenin peptide induces osteogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 367(1):1-6

Zou Y, Wang H, Shapiro JL, Okamoto CT, Brookes SJ, Lyngstadaas SP, Snead ML, Paine ML. (2007) Determination of protein regions responsible for interactions of amelogenin with CD63 and LAMP1. Biochem J., 408(3):347-54.

Xu Y, Zhou YL, Gonzalez FJ, Snead ML. (2007) C/EBP-delta maintains amelogenin expression in the absence of C/EBP-alpha in vivo. J Biol Chem. 282(41):29882-9.

Pemberton TJ, Li FY, Oka S, Mendoza-Fandino GA, Hsu YH, Bringas P Jr, Chai Y, Snead ML, Mehrian-Shai R, Patel PI. (2007) Identification of novel genes expressed during mouse tooth development by microarray gene expression analysis. Dev Dyn. 236:2245-57.

Xu Y, Zhou YL, Erickson RL, Macdougald OA, Snead ML. (2007). Physical dissection of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha in regulating the mouse amelogenin gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 354(1):56-61

White SN, Paine ML, Ngan AY, Miklus VG, Luo W, Wang H, Snead ML. (2007). Ectopic expression of dentin sialoprotein during amelogenesis hardens bulk enamel. J Biol Chem. 282(8):5340-5

Shapiro JL, Wen X, Okamoto CT, Wang HJ, Lyngstadaas SP, Goldberg M, Snead ML, Paine ML. (2007). Cellular uptake of amelogenin, and its localization to CD63, and Lamp1-positive vesicles. Cell Mol Life Sci. 64(2):244-56

Snead ML, Zhu DH, Lei YP, White SN, Snead CM, Luo W, Paine ML. (2006). Protein self-assembly creates a nanoscale device for biomineralization. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 26(8); 1296-1300

Bartlett JD, Ganss B, Goldberg M, Moradian-Oldak J, Paine ML, Snead ML, Wen X, White SN, Zhou YL. (2006). Protein-protein interactions of the developing enamel matrix. Curr Top Dev Biol. 74:57-115.

Zhu D, Paine ML, Luo W, Bringas P Jr, Snead ML. (2006). Altering biomineralization by protein design. J Biol Chem. 281(30):21173-82

Bartold PM, Xiao Y, Lyngstaadas SP, Paine ML, Snead ML. (2006). Principles and applications of cell delivery systems for periodontal regeneration. Periodontol 2000. 41:123-35. Review.

Swanson EC, Fong HK, Foster BL, Paine ML, Gibson CW, Snead ML, Somerman MJ. (2006). Amelogenins regulate expression of genes associated with cementoblasts in vitro. Eur J Oral Sci. 114 Suppl 1:239-43; discussion 254-6, 381-2.

Xu Y, Zhou YL, Ann DK, MacDougald OA, Shum L, Snead ML. (2006). Transcription factor sumoylation and factor YY1 serve to modulate mouse amelogenin gene expression. Eur J Oral Sci. 114 Suppl 1:169-77; discussion 201-2, 381.

Wang HJ, Tannukit S, Wen X, Shapiro JL, Snead ML, Paine ML. (2006). Using the yeast two-hybrid assay to discover protein partners for the leucine-rich amelogenin peptide and for tuftelin-interacting protein 11. Eur J Oral Sci. 114 Suppl 1:276-9.

Xu Y, Zhou YL, Luo W, Zhu QS, Levy D, Macdougald OA, Snead ML. (2006). NF-Y and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha synergistically activate the mouse amelogenin gene. J Biol Chem. 281(23):16090-8

Paine ML, Snead ML. (2005). Tooth developmental biology: disruptions to enamel-matrix assembly and its impact on biomineralization. Orthod Craniofac Res. 8(4):239-51. Review.

White SN, Miklus VG, Chang PP, Caputo AA, Fong H, Sarikaya M, Luo W, Paine ML, Snead ML. (2005). Controlled failure mechanisms toughen the dentino-enamel junction zone. J Prosthet Dent. 94(4):330-5.

Plikus MV, Zeichner-David M, Mayer JA, Reyna J, Bringas P, Thewissen JGM, Snead ML, Chai Y, Chuong CM. (2005). Morphoregulation of teeth: modulating the number, size, shape and differentiation by tuning Bmp activity. Evolution & Development 7:5, 440 –457

Paine ML, Luo W, Wang HJ, Bringas P Jr, Ngan AY, Miklus VG, Zhu DH, Macdougall M, White SN, Snead ML. (2005). Dentin sialoprotein and dentin phosphoprotein over-expression during amelogenesis. J Biol Chem. 280(36):31991-8

Wang H, Tannukit S, Zhu D, Snead ML, Paine ML. (2005). Enamel matrix protein interactions. J Bone Miner Res. 20(6):1032-40.

Wen X, Lei YP, Zhou YL, Okamoto CT, Snead ML, Paine ML. (2005). Structural organization and cellular localization of tuftelin-interacting protein 11 (TFIP11). Cell Mol Life Sci. 62(9):1038-46.

Luo W, Wen X, Wang HJ, MacDougall M, Snead ML, Paine ML. (2004). In vivo overexpression of tuftelin in the enamel organic matrix. Cells Tissues Organs. 177(4):212-20.

Shaw WJ, Campbell AA, Paine ML, Snead ML. (2004). The COOH Terminus of the Amelogenin, LRAP, Is Oriented Next to the Hydroxyapatite Surface. J Biol Chem. 279(39):40263-6

Paine ML, Zhu DH, Luo W, Snead ML. (2004). Overexpression of TRAP in the Enamel Matrix Does Not Alter the Enamel Structural Hierarchy. Cells Tissues Organs, 176:7-16.

Fong H, White SN, Paine ML, Luo W, Snead ML, Sarikaya M. (2003). Enamel structure properties controlled by engineered proteins in transgenic mice. J Bone Miner Res. 18(11):2052-9

Snead ML. (2003). Amelogenin protein exhibits a modular design: implications for form and function. Connect Tissue Res. 2003;44 Suppl 1:47-51.

Wu LY, Li M, Hinton DR, Guo L, Jiang S, Wang JT, Zeng A, Xie JB, Snead M, Shuler C, Maxson RE Jr, Liu YH. (2003). Microphthalmia Resulting from Msx2-Induced Apoptosis in the Optic Vesicle. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44, 2404-2412.

Paine ML, Wang HJ and Snead ML. (2003). Amelogenin Self-Assembly and the Role of the Proline Located within the Carboxyl-Teleopeptide. Connective Tissue Research, 44(Suppl. 1): 52-57.

Paine ML, Luo W, Zhu DH, Bringas P Jr, Snead ML. (2003). Functional domains for amelogenin revealed by compound genetic defects. J Bone Miner Res;18(3):466-72

Paine ML, Wang HJ, Luo W, Krebsbach PH, Snead ML. (2003). A transgenic animal model resembling amelogenesis imperfecta related to ameloblastin over-expression. J Biol Chem 278:19447-52

Dunglas C, Septier D, Paine ML, Zhu DH, Snead ML, Goldberg M. (2002). Ultrastructure of Forming Enamel in Mouse Bearing a Transgene That Disrupts the Amelogenin Self-Assembly Domains. Calcif Tissue Int 71(2):155-66

Jitpukdeebodintra, S., Chai, Y., and Snead ML. (2002). Developmental patterning of the circumvallate papilla. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 46, 755-763.

Paine ML, Lei YP, Dickerson K, Snead ML. (2002). Altered Amelogenin Self-assembly Based on Mutations Observed in Human X-linked Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AIH1). J Biol Chem 10;277(19):17112-6

Paine ML, White SN, Luo W, Fong H, Sarikaya M, Snead ML (2001). Regulated gene expression dictates enamel structure and tooth function. Matrix Biol 20(5-6):273-92

White SN, Luo W, Paine ML, Fong H, Sarikaya M, Snead ML (2001). Biological organization of hydroxyapatite crystallites into a fibrous continuum toughens and controls anisotropy in human enamel. J Dent Res 80(1):321-6

Paine ML, Zhu DH, Luo W, Bringas P Jr, Goldberg M, White SN, Lei YP, Sarikaya M, Fong HK, Snead ML (2000). Enamel biomineralization defects result from alterations to amelogenin self-assembly. J Struct Biol 132(3):191-200

Moradian-Oldak J, Paine ML, Lei YP, Fincham AG, Snead ML (2000). Self-assembly properties of recombinant engineered amelogenin proteins analyzed by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. J Struct Biol 131(1):27-37

Fong H, Sarikaya M, White SN, Snead ML (2000). Nano-mechanical properties profiles across dentin-enamel junction of human incisor teeth. Mater. Sci. Eng.-C. 7, 119-128.

White SN, Paine ML, Luo W, Sarikaya M, Fong H, Yu Z, Li ZC, Snead ML (2000) The dentino-enamel junction is a broad transitional zone uniting dissimilar bioceramic composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 238-240.

Paine CT, Paine ML, Luo W, Okamoto CT, Lyngstadaas SP, Snead ML (2000). A tuftelin-interacting protein (TIP39) localizes to the apical secretory pole of mouse ameloblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 21;275(29):22284-92.

Zhou YL, Snead ML. (2000). Identification of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha as a transactivator of the mouse amelogenin gene. J Biol Chem;275(16):12273-80

Zhou YL, Lei Y, Snead ML (2000). Functional antagonism between Msx2 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha in regulating the mouse amelogenin gene expression is mediated by protein-protein interaction. J Biol Chem 275:29066-75

Liu YH, Snead ML, Maxson RE Jr (1998) Transgenic mouse models of craniofacial disorders. Methods Mol Biol 2000;137:499-512

Snead ML, Paine ML, Luo W, Zhu DH, Yoshida B, Lei YP, Chen LS, Paine CT, Burstein JM, Jitpukdeebudintra S, White SN, Bringas P Jr (1998). Transgene Animal Model for Protein Expression and Accumulation into forming Enamel. Connective Tissue Research 38(1-4), pp. 279-286.

Jaskoll T, Luo W, Snead ML (1998). Msx-2 expression and glucocorticoid-induced overexpression in embryonic mouse submandibular glands. J. Craniofacial Genet. Dev. Biol. 18(2):79-87.

Paine CT, Paine ML, Snead ML (1998). Identification of tuftelin- and amelogenin-interacting proteins using the yeast two-hybrid system. Connect Tissue Res 1998;38(1-4):257-67;discussion 295-303

Fincham AG, Baehner R, Chai Y, Crowe DL, Fincham C, Iskandar M, Landesman HM, Lee M, Luo W, Paine M, Pereira L, Moradian-Oldak J, Roseblum A, Snead ML, Thompson P, Wuenschell CW, Zeichner-David M, Shuler CF (1997). Problem-based Learning at the University of Southern California, School of Dentistry: A term report. J. Dent.Ed. 61: 417-425.

Snead ML, Paine ML, Chen LS, Yoshida B, Luo W, Zhou D, Lei YP, Liu YH, Maxson RE (1996). The murine amelogenin promoter: Developmentally regulated expression in transgenic animals. Conn. Tiss. Res. 35:1-4, pp. 41-47.

Liu YH, Ma L, Kundu R, Ignelzi M, Sangiorgi F, Wu L, Luo W, Snead ML, Maxson R (1996). Function of the Msx2 gene in the morphogenesis of the skull. Ann NY Acad Sci. 8:785:48-58.

Liu YH, Kundu R, Wu L, Luo W, Ignelzi MA Jr, Snead ML, Maxson RE Jr (1995). Premature suture closure and ectopic cranial bone in mice expressing Msx2 transgenes in the developing skull. Dev. Bio. 92:6137-6141.

Liu YH, Ma L, Kundo R, Luo W, Snead ML, Maxson R (1994). Regulation of the Msx2 homeobox gene during mouse embryogenesis: A transgene with 439 bp of 5’ flanking sequence is expressed exclusively in the apical ectodermal ridge of the developing limb. Mechanisms in Development 48:187-197.

Liu YH, Ma L, Kundo R, Luo W, Snead ML, Maxson R (1994). Defining the minimal promoter of MSX2 required for apical ectodermal ridge expression by transgenic animals. Mech. In Dev. 48:187-97.

Jabs EW, Muller U, Li X, Ma L, Luo W, Haworth I., Klisak IL, Sparkes R, Warman ML, Mulliken JB, Snead ML, Maxson R (1993). A mutation in the homeodomain of the human MSX2 gene in a family affected with autosomal dominant craniosynostosis. Cell 75:443-450.

Bell JR, Noveen A, Liu YH, Ma L, Dobias S, Kundo R, Luo W, Xia Y, Lusis AJ, Snead ML, Maxson R (1993). Genomic structure, chromosomal location, and evolution of the mouse HOX 8 gene. Genomics 16: 123-131.

Shum L, Sakakura Y, Bringas P Jr, Luo W, Snead ML, Mayo M, Crohin C, Millar S, Werb Z, Buckley S (1993). EGF abrogation-induced fusilli-form dysmorphogenesis of Meckel’s cartilage during embryonic mouse mandibular morphogenesis in vitro. Development. 118(3):903-17.

Snead ML, Luo W, Hsu D, Melrose RJ, Lau EC, Stenman G (1992). Human ameloblastoma tumors express the amelogenin gene. Oral Surg. Oral Med. And Oral Path. 74:64-72.

Raaberg L, Nexo E, Buckley S, Luo W, Snead ML, Warburton D (1992). Epidermal growth factor: a novel autocrine mechanism in rat type II pheumocytes. Am. J. Respiratory Cell and Molecular. 6:44-49.

Chen LS, Couwenhoven RI, Hsu D, Luo W, Snead ML (1992). Maintenance of amelogenin gene expression by transformed epithelial cells of mouse enamel organ. Archs Oral Biol. 37:771-778.

Kidd VJ, Luo W, Xiang J, Tu F, Easton J, McCune S, Snead ML (1991). Regulated expression of a cell division control-related protein kinase during development. Cell Growth and Differentiation. 2:85-93.

Slavkin HC, Sasano Y, Kikunaga S, Bessem C, Bringas P Jr, Mayo M, Luo W, Mak G, Rall L, Snead ML (1990). Cartilage, bone and tooth induction during early embryonic mouse mandibular morphogenesis using serumless, chemically-defined medium. Conn. Tiss. Res. 24:4-51.

Luo W, Slavkin HC, Snead ML (1990). Cells from Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath do not transcribe amelogenin. J. Perio. Res. 26:42-47.

Couwenhoven R, Luo W, Rall LB, Snead ML (1990). Co-Localization of EGF transcripts and peptides by combined immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. J. Histochem. And Cytochem. 38:1853-1857.

Amar S, Luo W, Snead ML, Ruch JV (1989). Amelogenin gene expression in mouse incisor heterotypic recombinations. Differentiation. 41:72-77.

Snead ML, Luo W, Oliver P, Nakamura M, Don-Wheeler G, Bessem C, Bell GI, Rall LB, Slavkin HC (1989). Localization of epidermal growth factor precursor in tooth and lung during embryonic mouse development. Dev. Biol. 134(2):420-429.

Snead ML, Luo W, Rall LB, Bell GI, Slavkin HC (1988). Localization of PreProEGF messenger RNA in developing mouse molars using oligodeoxynucleotide probes. J. Dent. Res. 67:1830. Abstract.

Snead ML, Luo W, Lau EC, Slavkin HC (1988). Spatial-and temporal-restricted pattern for amelogenin gene expression during mouse molar tooth organogenesis. Development. 104:77-85.

Slavkin HC, Snead ML, Zeichner-David M, MacDougall M, Fincham A, Lau EC, Luo W, Nakamura M, Oliver P, Evans, J (1988). Factors influencing expression of dental ECM biomineralization. In: Cell and Molecular Biology of Hard Tissues (eds. G. Roden and A. Caplan), Vol. 12 (Ciba Foundation Symposium No. 135). pp. 22-41.

Luo W, Roop DR, Lau EC, Melrose RJ, Mostofi R, Snead ML (1988). In situ hybridization analysis of keratin gene expression in human ameloblastoma. J. Oral Path. 17:534-540.

Luo W, Lau EC, Mostofi R, Roop D, Slavkin HC, Snead ML (1988). Gene expression in human ameloblastoma. J. Dent. Res. (special issue) 67:265.

Luo W, Kidd V, Humphreys-Beher M, Slavkin HC, Snead ML (1987). Expression of 4 beta galactosyltransferase mRNA in ectoderm-dervied cells of the developing mouse submandibular gland. J. Cell Biology. 105:49a. Abstract.

Last Updated: 10/07/09