Interview 1: Audrey Bhang Lee/ Daniel BhangInterview 2 : Tae Eung Choi
Interview 3 : Marie Park Fujii
Interview 4 : Lloyd Hahn
Interview 5 : Richard Hahn / Julia Kim Hahn
Interview 6 : John Kyudong Han
Interview 7 : Helen Lee Hong
Interview 8 : Julia Kim Ide / Frank Kim / Betty Chung Kim
Interview 9 : Rev. Kyong-t’ae Kang
Interview 10 : Anne Kim Kido
Interview 11 : Lester Edward Kim / Pearl Lim Kim
Interview 12 : Col Young Oak Kim
Interview 13 : Yin Kim
Interview 14 : Gloria (Kim) Hahn
Interview 15 : Stewart P. Lim
Interview 16 : Joe Lyou
Interview 17 : Helen Cho Paik
Interview 18 : Arthur W. Park / Marie Park Fujii / Gilbert W. Park /
Harry W. ParkInterview 19 : Daniel Park
Interview 20 : Harry Park / Rak Soon Park Lee
Interview 21 : Cecilia Lim Woo
Interview 22 : Mr. Choi
Interview 23 : In Hwan Han
Interview 24 : Young Bok Joo
Interview 25 : Dora Soon Yun Kim
Interview 26 : Soon Sil Kim
Interview 27 : Carrie Kwon
Interview 1 : Daniel Bhang / Audrey Bhang Lee...[in 8 mp3 segments]
Segment 1 00:43 : Mother (Salome Lee) came to San Francisco in 1916 as picture
bride01:23 : Audrey is eldest of ten; Daniel is the third01:51 : Father (Samuel K. Bhang) came to Hawaii as a stowaway at 17;
did various jobs03:34 : Father in restaurant business most of his life04:03 : To Washington state, where Audrey was born in 191604:15 : Mistaken for Japanese, they were driven out of Washington and
back to California, to farm07:28 : Remembers taking lunch out to father as he was doing irrigation
work08:12 : From California to Chicago to open a restaurant, in 1924/2508:47 : Considers Chicago her "jailhouse" because she was not allowed
to go to school, but had to babysit the other children instead12:05 : Father's restaurant business13:20 : Went on her own to a band concert down the block00:09 : Resented having to babysit, with no chance to play, other than
drawing02:09 : Restaurant was open every holiday; no days off02:25 : [Daniel:] No inculcation into Korean culture03:16 : After Chicago, moved to Dowagiac, Michigan03:46 : Mother went berry picking and did piece work, pressing "ties"04:54 : Audrey responsible for children's meals06:20 : Father was usually away from home, working; not much family life07:26 : Family moved around Michigan, farming / running a vineyard10:20 : Finally got to start school by catching a truant officer's attention12:58 : Had only heard Korean before the first day of school14:06 : Teased by other children, but Audrey just enjoyed being with other
children00:03 : Taken out of school for harvest work
00:40 : Father's lumber wagon01:46 : Why Father decided to leave California for the Midwest02:04 : Other children made fun of them, as Asians, but eventually, they
were well accepted03:45 : From Dowagiac, moved to Benton Harbor, then to Coloma
(1929-1931)05:36 : Mother woked with Father in their small Chinese-American
restaurant06:46 : Audrey worked in the restaurant after school and at lunchtime08:24 : To St. Joseph, Michigan, then to Indianapolis, where they had a
successful Chinese-American restaurant10:00 : Daniel had a happy childhood, but was confused about ethnicity11:39 : Some names of Daniel's teachers12:15 : When Daniel first realized he was Korean13:49 : Why did Father move so much and stay in the Midwest?00:03 : Daniel could not relate to Korean culture
00:43 : Audrey developed tuberculosis in St. Joseph and went to a TB
sanitarium for 39 months01:58 : Audrey became a Christian at the sanitarium and this was also
the beginning of her independence04:03 : Daniel stayed in Indianapolis while the family moved to St. Louis04:59 : Daniel ate in a Chinese-American restaurant belonging to John, a
Korean student at Indiana University06:03 : Audrey had date John a couple times, without Father's knowledge10:49 : Ben Limb was another friend of the family11:34 : Audrey went to Spring Harbor Junior College for 3 years and
supported herself doing housework13:17 : After Audrey graduated, she went to join the family in St Louis to
help take care of new baby brother, David00:31 : Audrey finds a way to go to college in McPherson, Kansas
04:52 : Did not like Kansas, so after one year went to an Episcopalian
girls school in Detroit06:09 : Testimony at church "camp meetings" leads to a chance for
Audrey to attend Marion College, in Indiana08:52 : Audrey's relations with her family10:32 : Audrey's public speaking12:45 : In her junior year, Audrey was advised to study more rather than
on abroad during the war00:00 : Audrey meets Chester Lee, gets married, drops out of college
03:49 : Felt pressured into marriage and back into restaurant work05:44 : 1950, opened a bigger restaurant but went bankrupt after 3 months07:03 : Moved to Detroit, Chester works as a cook, Audrey did various jobs08:08 : Chester dies in 1958, at age 4708:45 : Three sons: Richard, Robert, Ronald00:00 : After Chester died, Audrey moved to Los Angeles
00:43 : Audrey goes to Cal State Fullerton at age of 4302:00 : Leaves school, does various jobs02:32 : Gets provisional credential as substitute teacher03:37 : Retires at age of 6203:54 : Daniel remembers when Audrey left the family05:05 : Daniel's life routine at that time, in St. Joseph, then Indianapolis07:32 : Daniel graduates from Roosevelt High School in 194008:12 : Olive marries Paul Yoon, member of Dante's travelling magic
show, and Daniel joins the show10:57 : Daniel enlists in the Navy in spring of 194212:22 : Dante retires, makes two movies, dies soon thereafter12:54 : Magic show breaks up, Daniel gets job in New York comic book
studio14:36 : Not many Asian in New York City; only one Korean church00:00 : Daniel's move to New York City
00:44 : Enlists soon after Pearl Harbor; works as radio operator04:13 : Spare time in the Navy -- poker05:58 : Discharged from the Navy, returns to New York comic book studio07:48 : Daniel goes to Pratt Institute on GI Bill08:44 : Meets Vicky, future wife, at USO dance (had been at Heart
Mountain relocation camp)10:53 : After marriage, lived in Hell's Kitchen in New York; later, Forest
Hills12:41 : 1961, leave New York for Los Angeles13:46 : Buy house, works as commercial artist15:12 : 1961, Daniel accepts Jesus as SaviorInterview 2 : Tae Eung Choi...[in 1 mp3 segment]
00:10 : Visit with family in North Korea, in spring 1989
02:30 : Differences bwtween North and South Koreans05:02 : Because of just one man, Kil Il Sung, so many people live
suppressed lives06:33 : Main interest in North Korean affairs is because of brothers living
there07:53 : North Koreans in South Korea travel around in vagabond fashion;
they "have no base," so appear to be more hard working09:10 : Cannot go back to Korea--North or South. Base is in US nowInterview 3 : Marie Park Fujii...[in 2 mp3 segments]
00:30 : Peter Kim interests Louvee and Marie in Hawaii, while living in
Eagle, Idaho03:11 : Louvee goes first to Hawaii, as a nurse, followed by Marie, again
as a nurse05:27 : Peter Kim's visits05:42 : Description of the house in Eagle, Idaho06:52 : Other Korean families in Eagle08:52 : Brother, John Park, and his family lived in Spring Canyon, Utah10:25 : Father (Kyeng Soo Park) finally agrees to allow a 4th of July
picnic, a rare day off, but he did not participate00:00 : Father (Kyeng Soo Park) never gave himself permission to take a
day off01:50 : Family's sense of togetherness and communication02:36 : Tribute to parents04:05 : Explanation of picnic photos05:12 : What did you take on a picnic?07:02 : Picnicked at Arrowrock Dam because it was not crowded09:03 : Home-made root beer (with Hires mix)Interview 4 : Lloyd Hahn...[in 5 mp3 segments]
00:30 : 00:34 : Brief introduction to self and family
02:21 : Father (Sung Wu Hahn) came to Hawaii, then to Los Angeles04:08 : Sister, Lillian Hahn : made deaf by scarlett fever05:47 : Brother, Richard Hahn : missionary06:48 : Visited Richard in October 199408:04 : First visit to Korea had been while in the Army, after World War II10:28 : Lloyd's early years : Stockton, Los Angeles12:04 : Monarchs13:25 : Methodist, not Presbyterian13:56 To Woodbury College to study accounting00:01 : Career, move to West Covina in 1961, Optimist Club
01:36 : West Covina Human Relations Commission02:33 : Met his wife, Anna Lee, at Trojan Bowl04:03 : Bowling in the Korean community04:46 : Son, Michael Hahn07:06 : Lloyd's health : bypass surgery08:14 : Hobby is the Optimist Club08:38 : KAM Pioneer Council, reunion, old Monarchs lunches10:27 : Los Angeles then and now11:47 : Brother, Luther Hahn, and his family13:34 : Hopes for the KAM Pioneer Council14:04 : Parents' names and cooking00:04 : Korean school
01:09 : Public school : Polytechnic High School, 1941-4402:04 : Drafted into the Army, 1945; signal corps, stationed in Japan04:34 : Mother's cooking06:30 : Korean culture06:50 : Father (John (Sung Wu) Hahn) joined Korean unit of California
National Guard08:01 : When did you first realize you were Korean? World War II09:20 : Encounters with anti-Asian prejudice09:56 : Accounting profession11:35 : Work in produce market12:12 : Bowling team00:01 : Socializing in high school years: sports, movies, dating, dances
03:08 : Sunday school at the Methodist Church; teacher Mary Lee06:17 : What was the Army like?07:13 : Introduced to cigarette habit07:59 :incident in Korea 11:36 : Interpreter for General of 7th Army12:41 : Finding grandfather in Korea13:45 : Dating Anna Lee, future wife00:00 : Dating Anna Lee, future wife
01:51 : How does your son's (Michael) life differ from yours, growing up?03:18 : Encounters with prejudice04:18 : Korean language capability; Kugo hagwonInterview 5 : Richard Hahn / Julia Kim Hahn...[in 7 mp3 segments]
00:47 : Richard's grandparents, father (Sung Wu Hahn) to USA in 1903,
farmed in Taft, California03:13 : Grandfather returned to northern Korea in 1929 to found a school
for poor boys05:10 : Richard born in Selma, California in 1922; to Los Angeles in 193405:51 : Father was very musical07:18 : Richard graduated from Manual Arts High School in 1939 and
joined the California Youth Corps08:53 : Julia's father's parents died, so he went to China, then to Hawaii10:01 : Sent to Korea for a picture bride, which is how Julia's mother came12:51 : Father was a farm laborer in Hawaii14:05 : Father was older than the picture he sent to Korea00:02 : Julia (Sun Hee) was the eldest of five children
00:52 : Memories of Hawaii02:25 : World War II in Hawaii03:46 : Meets Richard04:28 : Describes house, life in Hawaii05:52 : Laundering, bathing in Hawaii08:28 : Preparing meals11:20 : Paying back ship passage from Korea00:10 : Richard at Manual Arts High School; auto shop
02:42 : Frank Wiggens Technical Junior College: mechanics03:52 : Skipped 6th grade, so was too young in high school for sports, etc.05:44 : McFarland, near Bakersfield, was home during 5th grade (1933)07:07 : Five brothers and sisters08:01 : Father (Sung Wu Hahn) was foreman at the farm in McFarland;
mother also worked in the fields08:52 : Korean school; at the Methodist Church in Los Angeles11:01 : Parents come to America in 1917/1918; met here13:16 : Korean school helped to keep Korean language and culture alive00:01 : Korean spoken at home but Mother gradually picked up English
02:13 : Richard loved aviation but was not accepted into Army aviation
because he was Korean04:17 : Went to aviation training center in Bakersfield05:10 : Enlists in Navy as aviation machinist mate; Navy tried to give him
other assignments, but he insisted on his original orders09:28 : Transferred off of the Indianapolis10:14 : Hears that thehad been sunk in Philippines 12:14 : In the Navy, was "treated like any other Asiatic would be treated"15:29 : Passed over for officer training school00:06 : Discharged from Navy; meets and marries Julie
01:47 : Felt "funny" in Navy uniform in the Korean community in Hawaii03:26 : Underlying resentment of military in Hawaii05:24 : Julia: Richard was different from Koreans in Hawaii because he
was from America10:16 : Richard: had heard of anti-Asian violence in Los Angeles in the
1940s11:36 : After the war, took classes at Biola; Julia studied there also12:43 : Richard works at Air Research in El Segundo13:47 : After Julia graduates from Biola in 1953 and Richard has
motorcycle accident---00:03 : After motorcycle accident, Richard quits Air Research to do
missionary work in Korea01:47 : Hotrod and motorcycle racing after graduating from high school04:49 : Julia and Richard go to work in orphanage in Pusan, 1953/195409:44 : Koreans' attitudes toward American-born Korean missionaries10:17 : Julia had always seen herself as Korean12:04 : Julia had been told that missionaries were not allowed in Asia, so
had changed her major to education13:07 : Richard gets job and studies after leaving the military00:00 : After discharge from Navy, Richard studied photography on GI Bill
04:25 : Adopt two children in Korea: Rachel Hahn and Laura Hahn06:15 : Found school fo orphanage run by Alfred Song's mother07:42 : Pioneer Girls, club for girls in Korea10:24 : Richard's closing thoughts: belief in Christ12:48 : Julia's closing words: their work in KoreaInterview 6 : John Kyudong Han...[in 5 mp3 segments]
00:47 : Father came ca 1908 as contract laborer on Maui; supporter of
Kongminhoe02:22 : Father had been rice merchant in Korea04:09 : Mother was housewife; her father had been a physician to the
Queen; came to Hawaii ca 1911-191305:27 : Father bribed plantation gatekeeper to escape to Honolulu06:45 : Father was active in Kongminhoe07:57 : Three strategies to achieve independence08:33 : Pak Youngman and the pilot training school (in Willows)09:09 : John was born in 1918 in Honolulu, but moved soon to San
Francisco10:38 : Father had a cigar stand in San Francisco; continued political
activities11:46 : John in school14:11 : Korean Methodist church in Fillmore district00:01 : Family left Sacramento ca 1928/1929
00:40 : Arguments in Korean National Association mostly about
personalities and taking credit01:41 : Family moved to Sacramento for John's asthyma, for one year04:02 : From Sacramento, family went to Los Angeles, to area around
USC06:34 : Made most of his friends at John Adams Junion High School08:00 : Manual Arts High School had a good art department; worked after
school09:24 : Non-Korean friends in high school10:47 : Father worked as a janitor and sold ginseng12:28 : Father had no personal animosity towards Japanese Americans13:43 : Arguments in Korean National Association towards the end of the
War00:00 : Korean National Association leadership after An Chang Ho's death
01:57 : American government's support of Syngman Rhee02:38 : Working at Sinhan Minbo and as a printer05:44 : Worked for the California Test Bureau, forerunner of the SAT06:52 : Bought a Model A in high school09:00 : World War II, left the print shop to work at North American
Aviation as a technical illustrator11:38 : Father had had a stroke at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack12:51 : Tried interior decorating, failed, went to work at Hughes Aircraft13:44 : Continued to work at Sinhan Minbo in the evenings00:01 : Hughes was out in the beanfields near Ballona Creek; Sinhan
Minbo was in the KNA building01:10 : Newspaper work: information from Korea after the war02:05 : Helped Korean leftists set up Peninsula Press, printing another
newspaper (Korean Independence)05:16 : FBI contacts John about the left-wing, especially Kim Kang
(Diamond Kimm)07:12 : General John Hodge, the first American general in Korea08:29 : More on newspaper work---09:49 : Women would come to fold newspapers for mailing00:01 : Worked as technical illustrator for a Mr. Kornblum
02:21 : Linotype work at various newspapers: Hollywood Citizen News,
legal journal; stopped with Sinhan Minbo ca 195305:51 : Met wife, Kathy, at George Lee's house06:20 : Opened own printshop; later added gift shop: Koreana Gifts (1963);
direct mail11:36 : Koreana Gifts moved to Olympic Blvd, 1972: 3rd Korean store in
"Koreatown"15:19 : KNA and Sinhan Minbo just faded awayInterview 7 : Helen Lee Hong...[in 8 mp3 segments]
00:12 : Ralph Ahn introduces Helen Lee Mikyung Hong
00:59 : Children, Tommy and Barbara01:30 : Born on February 13, 1911 to Mr & Mrs Hur, sisters and brother03:14 : Put up for adoption by Mr & Mrs Sung Myon Lee when 8 months04:09 : To Riverside, until the age of 4 or 505:29 : Other families in Riverside06:36 : Lees move from Riverside07:22 : Adoptive father had been a royal scribe in Korea08:26 : Little red house in Riverside10:02 : Helen, aged 3, gets left in outhouse, entire community searches
for her11:45 : Laundry washing in a community basin12:27 : Church and Korean language school in Riverside12:57 : Two nice young Korean gentlemen00:00 Life with parents
01:28 Move away from Riverside to a series of other towns02:06 Father's occupations03:17 Riverside navel orange industry03:59 Mrs. Stewart's involvement with Koreans in Upland04:53 Mrs. Stewart's complaints05:53 Mr. Stewart left only part of his fortune to his wife, for fear she
would have given it away too freely07:38 Came to Los Angeles when Helen was in the 3rd grade08:20 Graduated from Polytechnic High School in 192808:52 Korean community center in Bunker Hill area, 1920s10:20 New Year's Day Hungsadan meetings11:00 Apartment on Olive Court12:00 Father's job at Graumann's Million Dollar Theater: hired to give
Chinese atmosphere14:20 Mother and father take care of apartment building00:01 Fremont Elementary School, Central Junior High School
02:47 Polytechnic High School not as enjoyable; lonesome05:02 Church in a house on Bunker Hill; social activities06:10 Graduated in 192806:21 High school in Riverside for a short time
Korean American Oral History Series