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Santa Catalina Island

05/05/97
by Eric Mankin
Santa Catalina Island is separated from the mainland by the 22-mile-wide San Pedro Channel. Originally a land grant in Spanish California, the 76-square-mile island belonged in the 1840s to Pio Pico, the Mexican governor of Alta California, who sold it to its first American owner in 1846.

The island changed hands several times in the 19th century. In 1896, title was vested in a Delaware corporation, the Santa Catalina Island Co. In 1919, Chicago investor William Wrigley Jr. and two associates purchased the company from the Banning brothers, who had made fortunes in Southern California stagecoach and boat lines. Wrigley soon bought out his partners.

In 1972, the Santa Catalina Island Conservancy, a nonprofit membership organization, was founded to administer and preserve the island's natural and ecological resources. In 1975, the Santa Catalina Island Co. deeded title to 86 percent of the island's 42,139 acres to the conservancy. The company now owns 13 percent of the island's land, in and around the town of Avalon. The remaining 1 percent is divided among various owners.

Five species of land mammals and five species of bats are native to Santa Catalina Island. Twelve introduced mammal species, including a herd of 400 bison and a substantial population of wild pigs, live on the island as well. Fourteen species of reptiles and amphibians, including two introduced species, and nearly 400 native plant species, including nine endemic species, are found on the island. The waters off Catalina - among the cleanest in Southern California - are home to highly productive kelp beds and thriving colonies of sea mammals.